Corroded or loose hinges
A common failure. Replace the hinges, preferably with stainless steel, and screws together to restore secure load-bearing points.
SK Fung is a Registered Minor Works Contractor, MWC(W) 42/2014, with window inspection qualifications. We provide mandatory window inspection, prescribed repairs and Buildings Department submissions, modern window replacement, frame-over-frame installation, whole-home or single-sash replacement, leak repairs, hinges, handles, locks, rollers and gasket replacement, replacement glass, and aluminium sliding and folding doors.
Free on-site measurement, design and quotations. Call 3709 2164 or WhatsApp 6686 7879 to enquire.
If you have received a statutory window inspection notice, start with the deadlines and penalties below. This page also covers the September 2025 WI1 / WI2 / WI3 forms, which replaced the MWI series, and six common submission defects.
Service Overview
Modern aluminium window replacement is a core service. Our technicians hold Aluminium Window Skill Test certificates from the Construction Industry Council Training Academy and window inspection qualifications. We handle Buildings Department submissions following our inspections and repairs.
Inspection problems often arise from the process: separate inspectors, installers and submission agents can leave responsibility unclear as deadlines approach. Our qualified person and installation team deliver inspection, repairs and submissions within one coordinated process, with clear accountability to the Buildings Department.

Mandatory Window Inspection · MWIS
Compiled from public Buildings Department, Housing Bureau Independent Checking Unit and Legislative Council documents.
The Mandatory Window Inspection Scheme (MWIS) and Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme were fully implemented on 30 June 2012. MWIS applies to private buildings 10 years or older, excluding residential buildings not exceeding three storeys. Selected owners or owners' corporations receive statutory notices, generally preceded by a pre-notification letter 1–2 months earlier. Legal duties arise when the statutory notice is served.
| Situation | Appointment of a Qualified Person | Completion of Prescribed Inspection & Repair |
|---|---|---|
| Windows in Individual Units | Within 3 months | Within 6 months |
| Common-part windows, with or without an owners' corporation | Within 3 months | Within 9 months |
| Buildings without an owners' corporation | Within 3 months | Generally an additional 3 months for preparation |
| Extension Required | Apply in writing to the Buildings Department or Independent Checking Unit with reasonable grounds | |
Qualified persons appear on the Building Authority's registers: Authorized Persons, Registered Structural Engineers, Registered Inspectors, Registered General Building Contractors and Registered Minor Works Contractors registered for the relevant window classes, types and items. The QP must personally inspect the windows. A registered general or minor works contractor undertakes repairs under QP supervision. SK Fung's registration is MWC(W) 42/2014.
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Warning Letter | The Buildings Department generally issues a warning letter urging owners to arrange compliance |
| Fixed Penalty | A section 40(1BE) fixed penalty notice may impose HK$1,500. |
| Issue period | Since July 2024, the Department requires fixed penalty notices to be issued within 6 months of the compliance deadline. |
| Prosecution for Repeated Non-compliance | Conviction can result in a level 4 fine, currently HK$25,000, and 3 months' imprisonment, plus HK$2,000 for each day the offence continues. |
| Government-arranged Work | The Department may appoint consultants and contractors to inspect and repair, recovering costs and supervision charges from owners, with a surcharge of up to 20%. |
| Qualification-related offences | A QP who does not inspect personally may face a HK$250,000 fine. Inspection without qualification may incur HK$100,000 and 6 months' imprisonment. |
Late-2024 government proposals included raising the maximum non-compliance fine from HK$25,000 to HK$100,000, retaining 3 months' imprisonment, and increasing the fixed penalty from HK$1,500 to HK$3,000. These were legislative proposals: check the Department's latest announcements. Renovation or furniture obstructing windows does not exempt them from inspection.
Inspection criteria
Understanding the criteria helps you make an initial assessment before inspection.
| Component | Inspection criteria |
|---|---|
| Glass panes | Breakage or cracks. |
| Window frames and sashes | Deformation, instability or difficulty opening and closing. |
| Window hinges | Deformation, missing components or severe corrosion. |
| Rivets and screws | Loose or missing fixings, grey-white powder or corrosion. |
| Locks and handles: general checks | Normal operation and full locking. |
| Weather gaskets and silicone: general checks | Hardening, shrinkage, detachment or cracking. |
Following inspection, we explain the required repairs and their causes, distinguishing mandatory requirements from recommended improvements, so you can choose hardware repairs or window replacement.
Submission documents
After inspection and repairs, the QP submits the prescribed notices and certificates to the Building Authority.
| Form number | Description | Suitable Situation |
|---|---|---|
| WI1 | Appointment of a QP and completion certificate for prescribed window inspection / repair. | The same QP inspects and supervises repairs. |
| WI2 | Appointment of a QP and prescribed window inspection certificate. | For different QPs undertaking inspection and supervising repairs. |
| WI3 | Appointment of a QP and certificate of supervision of prescribed repairs. | For the separate QP supervising repairs. |
| FPN1 | Notification to the Building Authority concerning a section 40(1BD) offence: dispute. | Used to dispute liability for a fixed penalty. |
The Department provides three WI1 samples: inspection completed with no repairs required; inspection and repairs completed with some flats requiring repairs; and all flats requiring repairs. Forms can be submitted through the electronic form platform. Mobile drafts must be retrieved on desktop within 24 hours to continue completing them.
The Department returns defective forms without further processing, risking valuable time before a deadline. Common WI1 / WI2 / WI3 defects include:
We check each item when handling submissions to reduce returns and missed deadlines.
Prescribed repairs
A common failure. Replace the hinges, preferably with stainless steel, and screws together to restore secure load-bearing points.
Replace affected sets and check whether fixing holes have enlarged or loosened.
Minor defects may be corrected and reinforced. Severe deformation, oxidation or separation from the wall can require complete frame replacement.
Replacement is necessary: edge chips can initiate fractures. Check glazing beads and fixing sealant at the same time.
Failed handles, locking levers or locks prevent proper closure. Replacement parts may suffice without replacing the whole window.
Hardened or shrunken gaskets and cracked silicone cause leaks and wind noise. Renew them and clear drainage holes.
Replacement options
| Method | Suitable Situation | Benefits | Trade-offs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full-frame Removal & Replacement | Severe frame deformation or corrosion, or leaks between frame and wall. | Thorough weatherproofing with new junction details. | More dust and noise, plaster repairs and a longer programme. |
| Frame-over-frame replacement | Existing frames and surrounding walls remain structurally sound | Shorter work, less dust and noise. | Slightly smaller clear opening; precise detailing required. |
| Single-sash Replacement | An individual deformed sash or broken pane. | Lowest cost while retaining the original appearance. | Does not remedy deterioration of the existing frame. |
| Hardware repair | Failed hardware, aged gaskets or minor leakage. | Fast and economical; improvement may be possible the same day. | A short-term option if the frame itself has deteriorated. |
| Whole-home Window Replacement | Renovations, newly acquired flats or replacing old steel windows. | Consistent profiles, glass and opening types. | Higher initial investment and a coordinated programme. |
For mandatory inspections, account for the deadline: frame-over-frame and hardware repairs are usually quicker; full frame replacement needs plaster repair and drying time. Plan this at appointment.
Aluminium and window types
Series numbers such as 50-series mainly describe profile cross-sections. Compare wall thickness, cross-section design for drainage, gasket channels and stiffness, and glass capacity and wind performance. High-rise, waterfront and large openings need suitable wind resistance; the series number alone is insufficient.
| Window type | Features | Suitable location |
|---|---|---|
| Sliding windows | Save interior space; approximately half the opening can be opened. | Corridors, kitchens and balconies. |
| Top-hung windows | Outward opening provides ventilation and some rain protection. | Bathrooms, kitchens and small openings. |
| Casement windows | Large opening area and effective sealing. | Living rooms and bedrooms. |
| Fixed windows | Good daylight, without ventilation. | Glazed walls, often combined with opening lights. |
| Louvre windows | Continuous ventilation with visual screening. | Toilets, plant rooms and corridors. |
Coordinate window grilles, sill details and insect and safety screens. Reserve screen tracks during new window design for accurate alignment and a tidy finish, using one measurement visit.
Glass Specifications
| Glass | Properties | Recommended use |
|---|---|---|
| Toughened (tempered) glass | Higher strength; breaks into small particles. | General window sashes; specify heat-soaked products where appropriate. |
| Laminated glass | The interlayer retains broken fragments. | High-level locations, falling-glass risks or higher safety requirements. |
| Double glazing | The air gap reduces heat transfer and condensation. | West-facing or large daylight openings. |
| Acoustic glass | Designed to reduce traffic and environmental noise. | Homes near main roads, railways or busy streets. |
| Low-E glass | The coating reflects infrared radiation to reduce heat gain. | West-facing homes and strongly sunlit elevations. |
| Frosted glass | Maintains daylight while providing privacy. | Bathrooms, kitchens and overlooking homes. |
Heat-soaking addresses the small risk of spontaneous toughened-glass breakage from nickel sulphide (NiS) inclusions. See shower screens and glass balustrades for further explanation.
Hardware
Many inspection failures concern these individually replaceable components.
Specify stainless steel hinges with compatible screws. Deformation, missing hinges and severe corrosion are explicit inspection criteria.
Control opening and locking. Failures prevent tight closure and allow movement in strong winds; replacement is common.
Loose components or worn locking points prevent full closure, affecting waterproofing and safety.
Worn rollers or dirty tracks often cause sliding windows to stick. Cleaning and roller replacement can restore movement.
Hardening and shrinkage cause wind noise and leakage. These consumables can be replaced separately at far less cost than a new window.
Keep bottom-frame drainage clear. Blockage causes trapped water to overflow indoors and is an easily overlooked cause of leaks.
Leak diagnosis
Persistent leaks after injection repairs often mean the original source was misidentified.
Other issues include wind noise from aged seals or gaps, sticking from worn rollers or dirty tracks, and deformation from sustained loading or impact. We can also check shower screen seals and rooftop waterproofing where nearby walls show water stains.
Sliding · Folding doors
Sliding doors suit balconies and kitchens, moving sideways without a swing clearance—helpful in narrow corridors or near furniture. Folding doors stack to one side to open large spaces, such as living-room terraces or shopfronts.
Measure and quote glass or fire doors and glass partitions together for consistent style and detailing.
Statutory procedures
Construction, alteration, repair, removal and replacement of windows and glass curtain walls fall under Class I 1.60, Class II 2.8 / 2.9 and Class III 3.6 / 3.7, depending on location, size and structural conditions. The system covers 187 items: 58 / 68 / 61 by class. All three classes require no prior approval of plans or consent to commence, but prescribed appointments and submissions apply.
| Class | Required Appointments | Before Commencement | After Completion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class I | Prescribed building professionals and registered contractors. | MW01 / MW03 at least 7 days before commencement. | MW02 / MW04 within 14 days after completion. |
| Class II | Prescribed Registered Contractor | MW01 / MW03 at least 7 days before commencement. | MW02 / MW04 within 14 days after completion. |
| Class III | Prescribed Registered Contractor | Work may commence directly. | MW05, plans or work descriptions and photographs within 14 days after completion. |
Check the contractor's classes, types and items. Works on common parts also need the appropriate co-owner or owners' corporation and management consent, and compliance with the DMC.
Owners' corporations · Buildings
The owners' corporation or management coordinates staircase, corridor, rooftop and lobby windows, normally within 9 months of the statutory notice. Arrange three things:
We provide building-wide inspections, flat-specific records, repair quotations and submission support. Landlords retain legal responsibility for rented flats and should coordinate access and retain communication records.
Our process
Maintenance
Early repairs after a pre-notification letter can reduce failures and allow time to compare quotations. Combine checks of insect and safety screens, balcony barrier fixings and bathroom mirror edge seals in one visit.
Service coverage
Our office is at Room F11, 10/F, How Ming Factory Building, 99 How Ming Street, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong. We serve Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories.
Frequently Asked Questions
34 questions covering deadlines, penalties, forms, inspection, replacement options, materials, leak diagnosis, pricing and maintenance.
MWIS was fully implemented on 30 June 2012 for private buildings aged 10 years or more, excluding residential buildings not exceeding three storeys. Once served a statutory notice, owners must appoint a QP to personally inspect all windows and supervise necessary prescribed repairs.
From the notice issue date: appoint a QP within 3 months and complete inspection and repairs within 6 months. Common areas have 9 months; buildings without an owners' corporation generally receive an extra 3 months. Request extensions in writing with reasonable grounds.
No. It usually precedes the statutory notice by 1–2 months. Legal obligations arise upon service of the statutory notice, but you can compare quotations and arrange meetings earlier.
Registered Authorized Persons, Structural Engineers, Inspectors, General Building Contractors and Minor Works Contractors with the relevant window scope may qualify. The QP must inspect personally. SK Fung's registration is MWC(W) 42/2014.
Glass breakage, frame and sash deformation or instability, opening operation, hinge defects and corrosion, loose or missing rivets and screws, powdering, locks, handles, gaskets and silicone.
Under the September 2025 forms: WI1 covers appointment and completed inspection / repair by the same QP; WI2 covers appointment and inspection where a different QP supervises repairs; WI3 covers appointment and repair supervision. FPN1 is used to dispute the relevant section 40(1BD) offence.
Three: inspection with no repairs required; completed inspection and repairs with some flats needing repairs; and completed inspection and repairs with all flats needing repairs. Choose the appropriate sample.
Address or notice mismatch; missing names or signatures; incorrect certificate dates; incomplete or wrong registration numbers; signatures differing from records; and WI2 without an inspection report. Defective forms are returned without further processing.
Yes, through the Department's electronic form platform. Mobile drafts must be retrieved on desktop within 24 hours to finish. Follow the latest form-page instructions.
After warning, a HK$1,500 fixed penalty may be issued. Persistent offenders may face prosecution, HK$25,000 and 3 months' imprisonment, plus HK$2,000 per continuing day. Department-arranged inspections and repairs may be charged to owners with supervision costs and up to 20% surcharge.
Public guidance states that since July 2024 notices should be issued within 6 months of the compliance deadline. Do not delay overdue inspections.
Use FPN1 where applicable. Follow Department instructions and the notice for procedure, deadlines and supporting grounds.
Failure by a QP to inspect personally may incur HK$250,000. Unqualified inspection may incur HK$100,000 and 6 months' imprisonment. Verify qualifications before appointment.
No. Clear obstructions so the QP can inspect every window and its hardware, avoiding another visit.
MWIS concerns all windows in qualifying private buildings aged 10 years or more, inspected personally by a QP. Building inspections cover structures, external walls and common facilities at a higher age threshold, led by a Registered Inspector. Non-compliance with a building inspection notice can incur HK$50,000 and 1 year's imprisonment.
Late-2024 proposals included increasing the maximum fine to HK$100,000 and fixed penalty to HK$3,000, retaining 3 months' imprisonment. These were proposals; consult the Department's latest announcements.
The Department confirms completion by letter. Industry guidance indicates a further notice no earlier than 5 years later; actual timing is determined by the Department.
Not always. Sound existing frames and surrounding walls may allow frame-over-frame replacement with less dust, noise and time, but a smaller clear opening. Severe deformation, corrosion or frame-to-wall leaks usually favour full replacement.
Whole-home replacement suits widespread ageing or renovation and provides consistent glass, profiles and openings. Single-sash replacement is economical for isolated damage. Assess each window on site.
The series describes profile dimensions and design. Compare thickness, cross-section, glass capacity and wind performance rather than the number alone. We recommend profiles for the opening size, floor level and wind exposure.
Toughened, laminated, double, acoustic, Low-E and frosted glazing. Consider acoustic glazing near traffic, Low-E for strong sun and frosted glass for privacy. Windows acting as barriers require testing evidence to BS EN 12600:2002 Class 1 or better, without breaking during testing.
Department conditions specify ISO 9001-certified manufacture and heat-soak treatment of every pane to BS EN 14179-1:2016 or equivalent, with thermocouples calibrated every 6 months. This addresses the small risk of spontaneous NiS-related breakage.
Salt and humidity in coastal and high-rise homes accelerate corrosion. Stainless steel extends durability; specify compatible screws so fixings do not fail before the hinge. Hinge defects and severe corrosion are inspection criteria.
Check frame-to-wall silicone, weather gaskets, drainage blockages, sash fit and locking, then external plaster and sill cracks. Choose injection, gasket renewal, hardware adjustment or frame replacement only after diagnosis.
Even droplets on cool mornings usually mean condensation, requiring ventilation or double glazing. Rain-related water following a specific joint or frame base indicates leakage. The remedies differ.
Renew aged gaskets and adjust hardware for noise. Clean tracks and replace worn rollers or deformed hinges for sticking. Full replacement may be unnecessary.
Yes: hinges, locking levers, angled handles, handles, locks, rollers and weather gaskets. Most common hinge, screw and seal failures can be addressed with replacement parts.
Many can be completed from inside with suitable fall protection and temporary enclosure. Large, exposed or complete-frame replacements may require scaffolding or suspended access; coordinate with management and include costs and arrangements in the quotation.
Yes, under Class I 1.60, Class II 2.8 / 2.9 or Class III 3.6 / 3.7 according to location, dimensions and structure. No prior plan approval is required, but prescribed appointments and timely submissions apply.
Classes I and II require MW01 / MW03 at least 7 days before commencement and MW02 / MW04 within 14 days after completion. Class III requires MW05, descriptions or plans and photographs within 14 days after completion.
Factors include window count, type and dimensions, profiles and glass, hardware quantities, replacement method, floor and access method, plaster repairs and submission services. We provide free site inspection, measurement, design and quotations.
The corporation or management normally has 9 months from notice. Appoint a QP, approve works and cost allocation at an owners' meeting, and schedule inspections. We provide building-wide checks, flat records, repair quotations and submission support.
The owner is legally responsible. Coordinate access with tenants, ask them to clear furniture and retain communication records; arrange early to protect the deadline.
Yes. Plan tracks and frames with new windows for accurate alignment and a tidy finish. Consider child or pet screens where needed, while preserving window operation and future access to hardware for inspection.
SK Fung is a Registered Minor Works Contractor, MWC(W) 42/2014, with window inspection qualifications and technicians holding CIC Aluminium Window Skill Test certificates. We coordinate inspection, repairs and submissions. Browse actual photographs in the aluminium windows / sliding doors / folding doors gallery.
Related pages
Find guidance on mandatory inspection, qualified persons, statutory forms, aluminium window replacement, leak diagnosis, glazing specifications, hardware repair, sliding and folding doors, and maintenance across Hong Kong.
